The Effects Of Interpersonal Trauma And Disruption Of...

Developmental Trauma or Developmental Psychopathology researched by Maughan Cicchetti (2002) report on the consequences of interpersonal trauma and disruption of caregiving systems on the development of affect regulation, attention, cognition, perception, and interpersonal relationships. Åžar (2014: 171-179) states that research into patients with dissociatve disorders report the highest prevalance of childhood abuse and/or neglect of all mental health disorders and asserts that dissociation can result from deep-rooted developmental stress. This project will concentrate on the links in developmental trauma with the forming of dissociative traits and discuss whether dissociation is essentially related to the developing self. An in depth look at what is developmental trauma and the aetiology of dissociation will be covered. Using clinical examples, the implications for clinical practice in child psychotherapy will be considered. There is not scope here to look at each dissociati ve phenomena in great depth so this project will concentrate on dissociation as a whole. Developmental Trauma, the Key Aspects Trauma or traumata as described in Rycroft (1995) ‘are experiences which disrupt or pervert development.’ They define it as ‘any unexpected experience which the subject is unable to assimilate.’ Developmental, or as it is sometimes called, complex trauma, is concerned with a child’s prolonged exposure to traumatic events such as, neglect, abuse, abandonment, violence andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Children2825 Words   |  12 Pagestraumatic experience that can have many unfortunate consequences on a child’s development and successful long-term functioning. The initial effects of abuse commonly reported by children include feelings of fear, shame, anger, rejection, hopelessness, and a perceived sense of worthlessness. However, many of these initial effects only increase over time and continue plaguing victims into adulthood. Adults experiencing long term effects of childhood sexual abuse report high frequencies o f anxiety attacks,Read MoreAdolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma4747 Words   |  19 PagesAdolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma Raquel A. Figueroa Liberty University COUN 620-B02 Abstract In a generation of hopelessness, adolescents seek a purpose for their existence. They seek refugee from violence, abuse and maltreatment. The overwhelming pressure opens the door for instant gratification in drugs, alcohol, sexual activity, and fail to make appropriate adjustments in compromising circumstances. There is a correlation between traumatic experiences and adolescentRead MoreAttachment Theory, Biological Influences5410 Words   |  22 PagesThe issue of attachment is one that influences an individual throughout their life, affecting many aspects of their development. It is first formed during infancy between the child and their primary care giver and is maintained over the course of their lifespan. The level of attachment that is formed during infancy creates a foundation for psychological development in the course of the individual’s life (Santrock, 2013). Attachment security can be an indication of the quality of an individual’s future

Environmental Scanning - 1136 Words

Environmental Scanning To assure the success of a business over a long period of time the business must be able to conduct regular analysis of their success. They must be able to determine where they are today and have a goal of where they would like to see themselves 5-10 years down the road. In order to conduct a true analysis of the company, one must complete an environmental scan of their organization. Thus scanning for events, trends, issues and expectations that they may be faced with in the future. Furthermore, examining all internal and external environment challenges. Internal environmental challenges may be with employees, shareholders or board of directors or the overall culture of the organization. External environmental†¦show more content†¦In return, they have a strong financial backing, brand reputation, strong marketing and advertising teams. Apple plans to take these strengths and prosper off of them. Taking the amount of brand awareness they have built along with their benefit of retail stores the company can plan to use their strong marketing and advertising teams to launch a new product. Weaknesses Some of the weaknesses that Apple was able to pinpoint was their high prices and incompatibility with different operating systems. Since Apple already has a great deal of loyal customers Apple could combat this weakness and provide its customers with a reasonably priced compatible product, thus keeping and retaining more Apple Customers. During the analysis the company was able to outline opportunities in which they viewed as a benefit for the organization. One’s that if the organization were to take advantage of them they may be able to grow the organization. Some of the opportunities include growth of tablet and smartphone markets, obtaining patents through acquisitions and strong growth of mobile advertising market. Although the opportunities would most likely help to grow the company, its best that Apple also keep their treats in plain view. Knowing the companies threats will help them combat them as they come about. Some of the threats that Apple was able to outline were breached IP rights, Android OS growth, 2013 tax increases andShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Scanning1926 Words   |  8 Pages   ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING Environmental  scanning  is  a  process  of  gathering,  analyzing,  and  dispensinginformation for tactical or strategic purposes. The environmental scanning processentails  obtaining  both  factual  and  subjective  information  on  the  businessenvironments  in  which  a  company  is  operating  or  considering  entering.Environmental scanning is the process in which a firm continually collects andevaluates information about its external environment. There are six  main categoriesof environmentalRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning1483 Words   |  6 PagesIncreasing demand for Temple s upscale homemade confections recently poised CC on the brink of major expansion. In the next decade, CC can expect to encounter changing trends within the baking industry, each impacting the company s long-term environmental objectives in remote, industry, and operational contexts. Remote environment Labeling Ââ€" Anticipated changes in food labeling legislation will determine the manner CC labels its cakes nutritional content. Expanded labeling information requirementsRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning and Aspects’2062 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is environmental scanning? Environmental scanning is the communication of external information about facts that could influence an organization on its’ strategic decision-making process. It is a method of analyzing relevant gathered information and use to determine strategic and premeditated action on the business environment. The environmental scanning process seek obtain both realistic and subjective information on the business environments where a corporation is functioning or consideringRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning of Nintendo662 Words   |  3 Pages1. Environnemental scanning Macro Environment Macro environment is said to be the most general layer of the environment. This consists of broad environmental factors that have an impact on the organization. The PESTEL framework helps us to identify the future trends which might impinge on Nintendo and therefore identify the key drivers of change. On the other hand the five forces framework helps to understand how the competitive dynamics within and around the video game industry are changingRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning Techniques1335 Words   |  6 PagesENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING Environmental Scanning can be defined as the process by which organizations monitor their relevant environment to identify opportunities and threats affecting their business for the purpose of taking strategic decisions. Factors to be Considered for Environmental Scanning The external environment in which an organization exists consists of a bewildering variety of factors. These factors (could also be termed as influences) are events, trends, issues and expectationsRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning Paper1500 Words   |  6 Pages Environmental Scanning Kendra McQueen MGT/498 March 14, 2016 Amy Novoa Environmental Scanning Environmental scanning is an overarching term encompassing the monitoring, evaluation, and dissemination of information relevant to the organizational development of a strategy (Wheelen, Hunger, amp; Hoffman, Bamford, 2015,). The use of an environmental scan can analyze the competitive advantage of a company, evaluate the strategies a company uses to gain an advantage over their competitors and createRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning Paper1834 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Environmental scanning is the first portion to an organization’s strategic management and is very important to the corporation. Environmental scanning is gathering information for the external and the internal of the company. A SWOTT is the best way to gather the information. A SWOTT is determining the strengths, the weaknesses, the opportunities, the threats, and the trends of the organization. Starbucks is a coffee shop that sets out to be different from the competitors. The company doesRead MoreEnvironmental Scanning System for a Hotel1548 Words   |  7 PagesDEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT AN ESSAY ON Steps to Establish Environmental Scanning System For a Hotel Identify the steps you would take to establish an environmental scanning system for a Hotel business and critically evaluate the process as an aid to effective strategic management Present business scenario across the world is very complex and unpredictable. The globalisation, changes in demographics and technological advancements and political changes influence the business a greatRead MoreAnalysis Of Accor Hotels : Company Profile947 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most widely recognized approach for considering the external business environment (Gupta, 2013). PESTLE analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, Legal and environmental analysis and describe a framework of macro environmental factors utilized as a part of the environmental scanning component of strategic management. Generally, all the PESTLE factors might not important for all types of industry its depends up industry nature or size. This PESTLE analysis is based onRead MoreEnvironmental Analysis : An Organization And Evaluating The Level Of Threat Or Opportunity They Present Essay2769 Words   |  12 PagesEnvironmental Analysis Environmental analysis is a process for identifying all external and internal elements that can affect the performance of the organization and evaluating the level of threat or opportunity they present. Opportunity and threat assessments are then incorporated into decision making process in order to better align strategies with the organizations environment (Investor Words, 2015). Every destination needs to know about their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

Income Tax Calculation Australia

Question: Part One: Income tax rates Martha is a resident who is 40 years old and has $170,000 of taxable income for the current income year. Calculate her basic income tax liability. Requirements DEFINE + Relevant Sections + FORMULA + Show Calculation + Income Brackets - Tax Rates Part Two: Ordinary income In 1979, a doctor who lived and worked in Sydney purchased a 20 acre parcel of rural land on the outskirts of the city for $100,000. Over the years, he used the property as a hobby farm for growing fruit trees and as a weekend retreat for relaxation. Recently, the surrounding area has become more developed and the property has increased in value substantially. The doctor has also recently run into financial difficulties as a result of a malpractice suit and he is considering selling the property. Advise him as to whether he would be required to include any amount in his assessable income as a result of the sale. Part Three: General deductions Compare the decision in FC of T v Anstis (2009) with the decisions in Lunney and Hayley v FC of T (1958) and FC of T v Maddalena. Is it possible to reconcile the outcomes in these cases? Part Four: Provisions that deny or limit deductions Discuss some of the circumstances in which entertainment expenditure is deductible? Answer: Part 1: In Australia, taxes on individual income are on the basis of PAYG system which refers to Pay as you go. Under the PAYG system, assesses are required to pay taxes on the income generated in that particular year. A progressive tax rate is followed (ATO 2013). The threshold limit for non-payment of taxes for any financial year is said to be $18, 200 whereas the highest tax rate is said to be 45%. According to Section 24K, income derived from office or employment shall be taken to be accrued in a particular territory, only if the entire activities are performed in the same given territory and after the approval of the Commissioner for the remuneration generated to be approvable (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts 2015). Considering that Martha is an Australian resident for taxation purposes, and has generated the income from employ-employee relationship, she is liable for the tax paid within the territory she has been operating in. The formula for calculating her basic tax income liability would be: $17,547 plus 37c for each $1 over $80,000. Therefore here in, it would lead to a basic tax liability of $17,547 plus (37c x $90,000) = $17,547 plus $33,300 = $50,847. Below mentioned are the various income and tax brackets for 2014-15: Part 2: Ordinary income According to Section 6-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1996 (Cth), ordinary income refers to any income generated from the following sources (ATO 2013): Money earned in return for the transfer of services (wage) Normal profits from the regular course of business Any form of return on investment (dividend, interest, royalty, etc). Any form of receipt of capital nature comes under the purview of capital gains, and not ordinary income. For example, if the monthly payment of a certain individual X is $2,000 against his services as a bartender, the same will be taken into consideration as income generated from ordinary concepts, i.e., ordinary income. Therefore, they shall be considered as income by regular means and the basic tax calculation shall remain as was explained in the above part. The income and tax bracket for the same remains to be: However, any form of revenue generated from the sale of capital assets come under the purview of section 102-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth). Any income generated from the sales of a capital asset like land is subjected to the rules of capital gain taxation, and hence the calculations differ from the regular tax computation of ordinary incomes (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts 2015). In the given case, the doctor does not have to include any revenue generated from the sale of the land he purchased in 1979 at $100,000 as assessable income; however the proceeds from the same deducted by the indexed cost of the same as on the present date would be subjected to capital gains taxation. Part Three: General Deductions According to Section 8.1 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth), any form of payment which is incurred in the ordinary course of transactions for the purpose of generating the assessable income in order to arrive at the taxable income is known as deductions. These deductions are subject to deduction from the gross income of the individual or business house (ATO 2014). In the case study of FC of T v. Anstis (2009), a taxpayer had reduced the expenses of conveyance apart from travelling to university, supplies for children during teacher rounds, administration fees and depreciation on computer as deductions against the Youth Allowances she was entitled to, for the generation of her tax return in 2006. However, this was challenged by the ATO Commissioner, but later on passed as allowable deductions (Morgan 2014). In the case study of Lunney and Hayley v. FC of T (1958), the two tax payers were ships joiner and dentist who were under the practice of deducting their personal conveyance fares from home to work, and vice-versa. However, the FC of T challenged that these were personal expenses and cannot be taken in as allowable deductions (Commonwealth of Australia n.d). In the case study of FC of T v. Maddalena, the verdict was given that any form of fees given to investment planners are not to be considered as allowable deductions from assessable incomes, as these are much earlier incurred, and are directly not related with the earning of assessable income (ATO n.d.) The similarity between the first two cases is that the conveyance fees was involved as a source of deduction, and the difference between case 1 and case 23 is that the prior one was approved as allowable deduction, whereas the latter ones were not passed as deductibles. Part Four: Provisions that deny or limit deductions Except for certain cases, entertainment expenses by means of providing employees with food/drinks/recreation or travel/accommodation expenses, are not deductible under Section 35-5 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Cth). However, if food/meal/recreation or travel/accommodation is being provided for the purpose of generating more assessable income, they become deductible in nature and can be done so. For instance, in the case study of Amway of Australia vs. Commissioner of Taxation (No. 2) 2003, a significant cost was incurred for organizing the Australian Leadership Seminar, which was backboned with the purpose of generating better tie-ups with distributors and more business volume subsequently. These costs were passed as entertainment expenses and were still subject to deduction (Purdon 2004). Reference: ATO (n.d.). Taxation determination. [Online], available from ATO Website: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?DocID=TXD/TD9560/NAT/ATO/00001PiT=99991231235958 (Accessed January 9, 2015). ATO (2014, August 13). Individual income tax rates. [Online], available from ATO Website: https://www.ato.gov.au/Rates/Individual-income-tax-rates/ (Accessed January 9, 2015). ATO (2014, June 1). Definitions. [Online], available from ATO Website: https://www.ato.gov.au/definitions/ (Accessed January 9, 2015) ATO (2014, May 27). Definitions. [Online], available from ATO Website: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/Income-and-deductions/In-detail/Other-income,-deductions-or-offsets/Entrepreneurs-tax-offset/?page=21 (Accessed January 9, 2015) Commonwealth Consolidated Acts (2014). Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Section 995.1. [Online], available from Austlii Edu Website: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/itaa1997240/s995.1.html#cgt_event (Accessed January 9, 2015) Commonwealth of Australia (n.d.). Deductibility of travelling expenses between residence and place of employment or business. [Online], available from Law ATO Gov Website: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?locid=%27ITR/IT112/NAT/ATO%27PiT=99991231235958 (Accessed January 9, 2015) Morgan, FJ (2014). Anstisv FCT - Self-education expenses allowed as a deduction as being incurred in deriving assessable Youth Allowance income (what out theres an appeal) [C3]. [Online], available from FJM Tax Website: https://www.fjmtax.com/tax-newsletter/2094-anstis-v-fct-self-education-expenses-allowed-as-a-deduction-as-being-incurred-in-deriving-assessable-youth-allowance-income-what-out-theres-an-appeal-c3.html (Accessed January 9, 2015) Purdon, A (2004, May). Non-deductible entertainment expenses no such thing as a free meal! [Online], available from Television Education Network Website: https://www.tved.net.au/index.cfm?SimpleDisplay=PaperDisplay.cfmPaperDisplay=https://www.tved.net.au/PublicPapers/May_2004,_Accountants_Education_Channel___Tax,_Non_Deductible_Entertainment_Expenses___No_Such_Thing_as_a_Free_Meal_.html (Accessed January 9, 2014).

The American Budget Deficit. free essay sample

An in-depth examination of the American budget deficit and how it has been affected by different administrations and varying social conditions. In this paper the author examines the US Federal Budget during the Clinton administration and how he reduced the deficit to a surplus amount in 1998. He moves on to discuss the changing American economy and provides examples of why he considers that there are times in a nations life when deficits are necessary and even beneficial. The author suggests that use of debt spending during wars and times of recession help to boost the economy but can be detrimental to the Stock Market. He further examines levels of taxation and compares the effect that different administrations have had on the federal deficit. From the paper: Determining the correct, or economically benign, level of deficit and debt is a subject for endless debate. Economies do not operate by a simple law of cause and effect, of plus and minus, of deficit and surplus. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Budget Deficit. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are complex interweaving of many economic and psychological factors, both domestic and international. Although a huge deficit is never to be praised, there are times in a nations life when deficits are necessary and even beneficial.